It's important to do not forget that On the subject of social guidance, top quality is a lot more vital than amount. Possessing just some really near and trusted good friends can have a greater influence on your Total happiness than having a lot of informal acquaintances.

An apocalyptic thriller that takes place within a time in which infectious ailments are becoming The brand new ordinary. contribute to damaging thoughts.|American economist and educator, one of several primary proponents of monetarism in the next 50 percent of the 20th century. Milton Friedman was awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1976.|Sensible Vocabulary: similar words and phrases and phrases Remembering, reminding and reminders aide-mémoire annal awaken someone to anything phrasal verb be engraved on another person's memory/mind idiom be etched on/in another person's memory idiom dedicate keep that thought idiom hooky if my memory serves me proper idiom imprint in commemoration of somebody/something jog bear in mind remind remind an individual of a thing/a person phrasal verb reminder reminisce shade stamp sticky See far more effects »|This is often the commonest and traditional keyboard construction. It really is named so on account of its initially six keys of the keyboard (QWERTY). Its style was influenced from your early typewriters. The keys were being designed in this kind of an purchase so the letters which happen to be routinely made use of, are spaced out to circumvent any jamming of keys.|Anyone's level of subjective well-remaining is decided by a lot of various factors and social influences demonstrate for being a strong a person. Outcomes in the famous Framingham Coronary heart Examine point out that pals three levels of separation away (which is, friends of mates of good friends) can influence somebody's happiness.|There have already been numerous historic disputes relating to The mixture of money's functions, some arguing which they need to have more separation and that an individual device is insufficient to handle all of them. A single of such arguments is that the job of money to be a medium of exchange conflicts with its purpose like a retail store of benefit: its part being a shop of price demands Keeping it with no spending, While its job for a medium of exchange demands it to flow into.|By clicking ??Accept|Take|Acknowledge|Settle for} All Cookies?? you agree to the storing of cookies on your unit to improve web site navigation, review web-site usage, and help within our marketing and advertising efforts. Privacy Coverage|Certainly! You are able to play the game free of charge as part of your browser without having to download the game. Participate in Subway Surfers utilizing your keyboard and mouse. You can even access entire-screen mode in your Personal computer.|Most .io games get the job done seamlessly on mobile units and desktop, For the reason that controls are effortless to master. Search the total assortment on this website page for all IO games, and you should definitely Examine back again routinely to the most up-to-date and biggest browser-primarily based .io titles!}

folks who were being bodily active for as very little as 10 minutes a day or who worked out just once a week had greater amounts of happiness than individuals who hardly ever exercised.|In a single Investigation of past investigation to the connection amongst Bodily exercise and happiness, scientists discovered a regular optimistic backlink.|Achieving out Forgiveness can heal Forgiveness transcends mere spiritual follow or great conduct?�it fosters fantastic psychological health and fitness.|This feeling of intent is influenced by a number of variables, but It is additionally something that you may cultivate. It entails finding a aim that you care deeply about which will lead you to engage in effective, beneficial steps so that you can work toward that purpose.|Gun games are massively preferred on CrazyGames. As such, there are numerous titles from which to choose. Below are a few that our buyers like the most.|Happiness investigation understands "happiness" as "daily life pleasure" or "effectively-getting". As it has proved challenging to discover a definition of happiness, personal individuals are rather requested how content they come to feel.[104] Several surveys are then summarized and analyzed applying static techniques. Although some scientists believe that the scales are essentially unsuitable for estimating happiness,[one hundred and five] other researchers argue the happiness indices shaped on the basis with the survey have a superior statistical correspondence with characteristics which are typically understood to point a happy man or woman.|The essential operate of money would be to help obtaining to generally be separated from advertising, As a result permitting trade to just take place without the so-called double coincidence of barter. In theory, credit could complete this purpose, but, prior to extending credit rating, the vendor would want to know in regards to the potential customers of repayment.|If bike racing games are more your type, there?�s an intensive assortment of bicycle games that you should browse.|, indicating cattle. The development of money has long been marked by repeated innovations from the objects utilised as money.|Reframe Unfavorable Feelings When you find yourself caught in a pessimistic outlook or going through negativity, glance for tactics which you can reframe your feelings in a more beneficial way.|Erich Fromm mentioned "Happiness could be the indicator that gentleman has observed The solution to the issue of human existence: the effective realization of his potentialities and thus, simultaneously, currently being just one with the world and preserving the integrity of his self.|It's a bar that fills Within the crystal clear button, indicating that it's going to crystal clear on its own, nonetheless it by no means clears itself. This can be exceptionally dangerous as it is quite challenging to dismiss After i'm endeavoring to navigate unfamiliar roads.|What is The End Key? The top key is a straightforward crucial that is sometimes ignored among the several keyboard keys, Each and every of which serves a unique intent.|You don?�t have to have a touchscreen to use the OSK. It shows a visual keyboard with all of the regular keys, so You should use your mouse or One more pointing unit to select keys, or utilize a Bodily solitary important or team of keys to cycle with the keys on the monitor.|Find out more about how your well being and happiness are connected Find out more about how your health and fitness and happiness are linked|The following sections deliver more in-depth information and facts and solutions to frequently requested questions about the keyboard.|Hover over keys. Use this method if you use a mouse or joystick to place to some important. The people you position to are entered immediately when you issue to them for your specified time.|Go to Start , then decide on Configurations  > Simplicity of Accessibility  > Keyboard, and switch on the toggle underneath Use the On-Monitor Keyboard. A keyboard that may be applied to move throughout the display and enter textual content will appear about the monitor. The keyboard will remain on the display screen until you close it.|IO games are true-time on the internet games you could Perform as part of your web browser totally free. The most common topic amid .io games is online multiplayer. Moreover that, these games are mainly determined by the area extension .}

Racing games involve racing any car or planetary getting towards one or more competition. Car racing games are likely the preferred style.

that is certainly, ?�money?�—to any one who would like to obtain it and afterwards make use of the proceeds to order the specified merchandise from any person who would like to provide it.|Business lender money is established by business banking institutions whose reserves (held as income along with other remarkably liquid property) usually represent merely a fraction of their deposits, whilst the banks manage an obligation to redeem all of these deposits upon need - a practise known as fractional-reserve banking.|Retrieved seventeen November 2021. Seeking back, I feel I'm able to separate the decades Once i was happy and people Once i was unhappy. But Most likely at time I must have judged in a different way. ^|Economists use various ways to measure the inventory of money or money supply, mirrored in differing types of financial aggregates, using a categorization procedure that focuses on the liquidity with the money instrument employed as money. The most often utilized financial aggregates (or different types of money) are conventionally selected M1, M2, and M3. They're successively larger sized aggregate groups: M1 is forex (coins and costs) furthermore need deposits (which include checking accounts); M2 is M1 moreover cost savings accounts and time deposits underneath $a hundred,000; M3 is M2 additionally much larger time deposits and comparable institutional accounts.|Not Trying to find Social Support Social help suggests owning good friends and family and friends that you could change to for guidance. Investigate has discovered that perceived social support plays a crucial position in subjective perfectly-being.|Maslow's Hierarchy of Wants The hierarchy of demands indicates that folks are determined to go after increasingly complicated wants. Once more simple wants are fulfilled, men and women are then motivated by more psychological and emotional needs.|SMART Vocabulary: connected phrases and phrases Positioning and positioning an item -based mostly appose close to improve something all-around phrasal verb circle consign long gone set up lie plant re-rig realignment redeposit reinstall reinstallation stick caught superimpose transpose transposition See much more outcomes » You can also find similar words and phrases, phrases, and synonyms in the subject areas:|The lives of a number of individuals intertwine since they go with regards to their life in their unique exclusive approaches, participating in functions which Culture as a whole could possibly come across disturbing within a desperate search for human link.|Existence satisfaction: This pertains to how content you're feeling with distinctive regions of your life which include your interactions, perform, achievements, and other things which you concentrate on crucial.|Money is actually a commodity recognized by standard consent to be a medium of economic Trade. It is the medium wherein charges and values are expressed. It circulates from Individual to individual and region to state, facilitating trade, and it is the principal evaluate of wealth.|Waldinger. This is often also an opportunity to center on good interactions and Permit go of destructive individuals in your lifetime, or at least lower your interactions with them.|?�Valuing happiness may be self-defeating because the more people worth happiness, the more most likely they may experience dissatisfied,??propose the authors with the study.|Financial institution money, or wide money (M1/M2) is the money created by private banking institutions through the recording of loans as deposits of borrowing clientele, with partial aid indicated through the dollars ratio. At the moment, lender money is created as electronic money.|A Harvard-led examine found that younger adults have the bottom scores inside a dozen wellbeing steps when compared with other age groups.|Editing can also be feasible by means of Delete crucial which eliminates unwelcome people from the right of the cursor.|The Oxford Happiness Inventory is a comprehensive evaluation Resource consisting of 29 merchandise, in which the individual should selected just one of four alternatives.|Verywell Mind's content material is for informational and educational reasons only. Our Web site is not meant to become a substitute for Skilled health care suggestions, diagnosis, or procedure.|Rather then overvaluing factors for instance money, standing, or materials possessions, pursuing ambitions that cause far more free time or enjoyable activities might have the next happiness reward.}

A notebook keyboard is arranged otherwise than the usual desktop keyboard to accommodate the notebook's narrower footprint. Most laptop keyboards are created smaller by putting the keys closer and including an Fn vital.

Problems of Locating Happiness While in search of happiness is important, there are times in the event the pursuit of lifestyle satisfaction falls limited. Some challenges to watch for include things like: paying out money on time-conserving providers?�can maximize happiness and existence gratification.|Indications of Happiness Although perceptions of happiness may be distinct from 1 person to the following, there are some crucial symptoms that psychologists seek out when measuring and examining happiness.|Because the authors on the analyze suggest, retaining a gratitude list is a relatively straightforward, economical, very simple, and pleasant way to boost your temper. Check out location apart a couple of minutes Every night to put in writing down or think of matters in your daily life that you are grateful for.|In the Harvard Research of Grownup Progress, a longitudinal analyze that checked out members about eighty decades, scientists uncovered that associations And just how content persons are in those relationships strongly impacted General health.|Cultivate Strong Interactions Social aid is an essential part of well-being. Investigate has observed that fantastic social interactions are definitely the strongest predictor of happiness.|In 1875, the British economist William Stanley Jevons explained the money applied at time as "consultant money". Representative money is money that is made up of token coins, paper money or other Actual physical tokens for example certificates, that may be reliably exchanged for a fixed amount of a commodity including gold or silver.|Melissa Peterman must focus additional on her comedy and her funny little phobias, and fewer on "I wanna be Reba's sister". We have seen Barbra Jean and we cherished her, but Melissa is a top rated-notch comedian and he or she deserves much better roles.|One idea is that greater SWB in richer countries is connected with their a lot more individualistic cultures. Individualistic cultures may possibly fulfill intrinsic motivations to a better degree than collectivistic cultures, and satisfying intrinsic motivations, rather than extrinsic motivations, may well relate to increased levels of happiness, bringing about far more happiness in individualistic cultures.[147]|When scientists began tracking the wellbeing of 268 Harvard sophomores in 1938, they hoped the analyze would reveal clues to top wholesome and joyful life. They got greater than they at any time anticipated.|Continuing our winter experience from Iceland, we?�re now heading towards the enchanting Winter Wonderland for The 1st time! Everywhere you go you look, snow blankets the landscape, developing a magical holiday scene.|on a thing phrase place mat #randomImageQuizHook.filename #randomImageQuizHook.isQuiz Test your vocabulary with our entertaining graphic quizzes|Takoda and Steve have a great deal of promise. They require far more monitor time. If You can not tone down Bobbie's yelling, then not less than enrich and give us more of these two to offset the negative Reba.|On the other hand, these pros are held within just their disadvantages. Initially, due to the fact a Notice has no intrinsic benefit, there was absolutely nothing to stop issuing authorities from printing far more of it than that they had specie to back again it with. Next, because it improved the money provide, it improved inflationary pressures, a actuality observed by David Hume inside the 18th century. The result is always that paper money would typically cause an inflationary bubble, which could collapse if men and women started demanding difficult money, leading to the desire for paper notes to tumble to zero.|Use Textual content Prediction: Use this selection If you need the OSK to advise words and phrases for you as you form and that means you don't need to kind each complete term. It's also possible to find if you wish to insert an area immediately after Every single predicted term.|The key indicating of "happiness" in several European languages requires great fortune, blessing, or an identical happening. The indicating in Greek philosophy refers mainly to ethics.|Valuing the Wrong Items Money is probably not capable to acquire happiness, but there's analysis that investing money on such things as encounters can make you happier than shelling out it on material belongings.|What exactly is a Keyboard? Computers have two forms of devices ??Input and Output equipment. Input products are These gadgets which consider instructions from person and convey it towards the computer systems in the shape of electronic indicators.|Get Typical Work out Physical exercise is good for both of those Your whole body and head. Bodily activity is associated with a range of physical and psychological Added benefits including improved mood.}

put another person in his / her place, to reduced someone's self-esteem; humble, Particularly an arrogant human being:.|To work as a retailer of price, money should have the capacity to be reliably saved, saved, and retrieved??and be|and become} predictably usable as a medium of exchange when it can be retrieved.|lets you very easily form English on line using the QWERTY as well as DVORAK layouts. You can utilize your Laptop or computer keyboard or mouse to kind English letters using this on line keyboard.|So while you might not be in a position to regulate what your ??base|foundation} amount??of happiness is, there are items you can do to create your lifetime happier plus much more satisfying.|know / continue to keep one's place, to recognize a single's situation or rank, particularly when inferior, and behave or act appropriately:|A keyboard is among the Major input units utilised with a computer. Like an electric typewriter, a keyboard is composed of buttons to make letters, numbers, and symbols, and carry out further functions.|If an individual has a thing to provide and needs another thing in return, the usage of money avoids the need to search for another person ready and ready to make the desired exchange of items.|The key click here problem Aristotle seeks to reply is "What on earth is the last word function of human existence?" Plenty of folks are looking for enjoyment, overall health, and an excellent track record.|If we look at the composition of a keyboard, it consists of a variety of buttons. A lot of types of keyboards can be found in market place. in|The crown, which has been saved with the Louvre Museum though the famed cathedral underwent intensive renovation, has become placed inside a freshly developed reliquary to replace the 1 from 1806.|Rate controls minimized incentives to create. The country?�s financial output fell by half. Later on the German ??economic|financial} miracle??that took root just immediately after 1948 reflected, partially, a currency reform instituted from the profession authorities that replaced depreciating money with money of steady value. At the same time, the reform removed all value controls, thereby allowing a money overall economy to replace a barter economic system.|Find a Sense of Intent Analysis has uncovered that people who sense like they have a function have superior nicely-currently being and sense much more fulfilled. A sense of reason involves looking at your life as obtaining plans, direction, and that means. It could assistance make improvements to happiness by advertising more healthy behaviors.|even further dialogue, begin to see the entry on well-getting. Regardless of whether these phrases are seriously equal stays a subject of|A pc keyboard is taken into account an enter device since it only sends knowledge to a computer and isn't going to get any facts from it. While you variety to the keyboard, you enter facts into the pc.|"We have now a sturdy scrutiny course of action in place to make certain accountability and screening located no evidence of racial, age or gender bias."}

A keyboard is surely an input device which basically takes enter within the person in the shape of text, numbers and several other other instructions. It's a main gadget for entering textual content in pcs.

Notice: A PC which has a touchscreen also provides a contact keyboard. The touch keyboard will appear when you faucet inside of a text box Once your Computer is in pill manner. to appreciate how lifetime is short they usually are more likely to shell out much more notice on what can make them pleased now,??suggests Dr. Waldinger.}

Hedonia and eudemonia are more typically regarded these days in psychology as enjoyment and indicating, respectively. More just lately, psychologists have recommended the addition of the 3rd component that relates to engagement. These are generally inner thoughts of commitment and participation in several parts of existence.

Formal??exchange prices by getting and offering U.S. dollars and hold pounds as their Main reserve currency.|He thought that there have been 4 levels of happiness: happiness from instant gratification, from comparison and achievement, from making positive contributions, and from achieving fulfillment.|Perhaps the lesson is not to make a little something as broadly outlined as ?�happiness??your purpose. Alternatively, concentrate on developing and cultivating the type of lifetime and associations that provide fulfillment and pleasure to your life.|On the other hand, Dvorak keyboards are intended in these kinds of the best way that they provide people a more rapidly typing expertise. The arrangement of letters differs from ?�QWERTY??keyboards and probably the most utilised vowels and constants are grouped jointly.|drop your place She spoke to me And that i dropped my place within the reserve (= I forgot the place I had been looking through).|Sensible Vocabulary: associated text and phrases Places and places anatopism again row coign of vantage core criminal offense scene produce anything to someone/someplace locationally loci locus madding makerspace resite retroperitoneal retroperitoneally scene seat second row location scenario place See more effects » You may also uncover related terms, phrases, and synonyms in the subjects:|Not all communications and documents is going to be out there in languages apart from English. When there is a distinction between translated content material along with the English language Variation, the English language version presides.|In line with Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas, guy's previous close is happiness: "all Males agree in desiring the last conclusion, which is happiness.|"No two life are alike, and specializing in what Other people have is usually a certain-fire strategy to feel envy and regret. Target The nice matters in your own existence, and you'll be a lot more very likely to locate contentment in them," she claims.|Various studies have shown that normal exercising may Perform a job in warding off indicators of despair, but proof also indicates that it may assistance make people happier, too.|Expertise a easy downpress followed by a cleanse thocc. It is a richer audio than our White Flames and gives Every keypress a satisfying really feel regardless of if you're gaming or typing up an essay.|Appreciate The instant Experiments have found that men and women usually about gain?�they turn into so focused on accumulating things that they reduce observe of really enjoying what they are doing.|Certainly. Do I desire I could possibly be happier much more often? Who wouldn?�t? When it seems everyone is seeking the answer for the age-old dilemma, ?�What?�s The key to happiness???the better query may be, ??Is it|Could it be|Can it be} even probable|For England and Wales even so most places are likely to have loads of cloud or simply some fog, just a little drizzle can be done far too, with really confined glimpses with the night sky.|The term money derives through the Latin term moneta Together with the indicating "coin" by using French monnaie. The Latin word is thought to originate from the temple of Juno, on Capitoline, among Rome's 7 hills. In The traditional planet, Juno was generally related to money.|Should you be making use of both hovering manner or scanning manner and accidently reduce the OSK, you may restore it by pointing to it in the taskbar (for hovering mode) or by pressing the scan essential (for scanning method).|Folks have a normal negativity bias, or a tendency to pay a lot more consideration to lousy points than to excellent things. This could certainly have an impact on anything from how you make conclusions to the way you form impressions of Others.|Exactly what is Kebab Menu? A "kebab menu" refers to some sort of consumer interface aspect normally found in mobile and Internet programs.|Harvard Graduate School of Training professionals share suggestions on how mother and father and caregivers can assist playful Finding out outside of university and also have some exciting alongside the way in which.|Should be a resource location which is able to be fixed through command execution into unregistered articles or consumer-facet written content.|Is there a system for happiness, and may you apply it to your personal life? Professor Arthur Brooks thinks so.|A further definition of happiness arises from the ancient philosopher Aristotle, who prompt that happiness is the a person human motivation, and all other human wishes exist as a method to get happiness.|Banknotes of different currencies that has a experience value of 5000 By 1900, the vast majority of industrializing nations have been on some form of a gold regular, with paper notes and silver cash constituting the circulating medium. Private banking companies and governments internationally adopted Gresham's legislation: holding gold and silver paid out but shelling out out in notes.|So What exactly are the right choices for happiness? You could possibly discover inspiration with the contributors inside the Harvard Analyze of Adult Progress ??among the longest-jogging research on happiness.|Sigmund Freud said that each one individuals strive immediately after happiness, but that the possibilities of attaining it are limited for the reason that we "are so created that we could derive intense satisfaction only from the distinction and very little from your condition of matters."[eighty four]}

within the wampum (beads created from shells) of yank Indians, to cowries (brightly coloured shells) in India, to whales??tooth Amongst the Fijians, to tobacco amid early colonists in North America, to massive stone disks around the Pacific island of Yap, to cigarettes in write-up-Planet War II Germany and in prisons the whole world above. In actual fact, the extensive usage of cattle as money in primitive instances survives during the word pecuniary|A lot of .io games are based on survival - increasing your character by consuming food stuff and slaying other gamers. Get to the leading with the leaderboard by performing this continuously until you are the most important! Most IO games feature:|And let's make this obvious: it does its position, and it will it Virtually far too well as I had to look at it many situations to face getting to the end. It really is awesome, but Do not come to feel terrible If you cannot tummy it.|He experienced always felt out of place in an instructional atmosphere. A eco-friendly match was away from place at the funeral.|The initial .io game was Agar.io. It had been designed by Matheus Valadares in 2015 and received sizeable popularity through the web forum 4chan. The game revolves about cells that develop by consuming agar and consuming other players. Several months soon after its launch, the game was obtained by Miniclip, plus a new game genre started to emerge based on The standard .|As being the persons got more mature, they tended to concentration far more on what?�s crucial that you them, and didn?�t sweat the tiny stuff into the diploma they did whenever they were young, based on the challenge?�s director, Dr.|In Emphasis HIV/AIDS For a lot more than 40 decades, the Harvard Local community is Operating to understand the disorder and handle those influenced. Now, with everyday living-shifting treatment options available and probable cures within the horizon, we may very well be coming into a new period from the epidemic. Examine the analysis|Safety commences with comprehending how builders collect and share your knowledge. Information privacy and stability methods may perhaps differ determined by your use, location, and age. The developer furnished this info and should update it over time.|When talking about genetics as well as their consequences on people it is crucial to initial know that genetics never predict actions. It is feasible for genes to improve the chance of individuals currently being happier compared to Other individuals, but they don't one hundred pc forecast actions.|The design was built in early 1870's by Christopher Latham Sholes and is employed till date. It is made up several different keys like alphanumeric keys, special keys, perform and modifier keys, and so forth.|What on earth is an AZERTY keyboard? The Keyboard is An important enter system utilized with computer systems and also other electronic units.|Explain to us about this example sentence: The word in the example sentence doesn't match the entry word. The sentence consists of offensive content material. Cancel Submit Thanks! Your comments is going to be reviewed. #verifyErrors concept |Varieties of Happiness You can find a number of ways of contemplating happiness. For instance, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle built a distinction between two distinctive styles of happiness: hedonia and|Exploration displays that quick writing exercises reliving joyful moments boosted the moods of adults recovering from dependancy.|Among the most endearing and functionally valuable functions of Maps were Timeline. Not only have they screwed up the function, Nonetheless they've dropped MY information in messing with it.|Rather then concentrating on mental pathologies, the sector as an alternative strives to find ways that can help folks, communities, and societies improve beneficial emotions and realize higher happiness.|Money was Traditionally an emergent marketplace phenomenon that possessed intrinsic price as being a commodity; almost all contemporary money devices are according to unbacked fiat money without the need of use worth.[four] Its benefit is As a result derived by social Conference, getting been declared by a govt or regulatory entity to be authorized tender; that is definitely, it need to be accepted being a form of payment inside the boundaries with the country, for "all debts, public and private", in the situation of America greenback.|Paper money from various international locations At within the similar time in the medieval Islamic planet, a vigorous monetary overall economy was created through the 7th??12th|twelfth} hundreds of years on The premise of your growing amounts of circulation of the steady substantial-price forex (the dinar).|Scan by keys: Use this manner if you want the OSK to continually scan the keyboard. Scan mode highlights locations where you can sort keyboard figures by pressing a keyboard shortcut, utilizing a swap enter product, or employing a tool that simulates a mouse click on.|There isn't a negotiation. It was the identical way on her other demonstrate, granted on that demonstrate she form of necessary to become a bully to lift superior Young ones and keep her ex-partner in-Test. But it truly is exhausting to own her yelling all through the complete present.|Yet another name for just a touchpad is really a trackpad. Nearly all laptops are equipped Using these pointing gadgets that are a great alternate to your mouse as they are mobile and| Utilize the Scanning pace slider to set a speed that satisfies your Choices. You may also choose any mixture of the following selections for selecting a important:|To be a assistance to our visitors, Harvard Health Publishing delivers usage of our library of archived articles. Make sure you Take note the date of past overview or update on all posts.|there is not any valid situation On this chunk to place the required structure - depends on the framework|This is analogous for the move idea of Mihály Csíkszentmihályi.[seventy seven] The concept of circulation is the concept following our standard needs are satisfied we could accomplish larger happiness by altering our consciousness by turning into so engaged in the endeavor that we shed our sense of time. Our intensive aim leads to us to fail to remember almost every other issues, which in return encourages beneficial thoughts.[seventy eight]}

While, output equipment are those which Show or current the result on the person according to the commands giv}